
Improve Your Pronunciation
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Focused on the most common pronunciation challenges in English.
Unvoiced TH /θ/
- • ANTHEM /ˈænθəm/
- • ANYTHING /ˈeniθɪŋ/
- • ATHLETE /ˈæθliːt/
- • BATH /bæθ/
- • BATHROBE /ˈbæθroʊb/
- • BATHTUB /ˈbæθtʌb/
- • BENEATH /bɪˈniːθ/
- • BIRTH /bɜːrθ/
- • BIRTHDAY /ˈbɜːrθdeɪ/
- • BLUETOOTH /ˈbluːtuːθ/
- • BREATH /breθ/
- • BROTH /brɑːθ/
- • CLOTH /klɔːθ/
- • DEATH /dɛθ/
- • EARTH /ɜːrθ/
- • ELEVENTH /ɪˈlɛvənθ/
- • ETH /ɛθ/
- • EVERYTHING /ˈɛvrɪθɪŋ/
- • HEALTH /hɛlθ/
- • HEALTHY /ˈhɛlθi/
- • LENGTH /lɛŋkθ/
- • MARATHON /ˈmærəθən/
- • MATH /mæθ/
- • MATHEMATICS /ˌmæθəˈmætɪks/
- • MITH /mɪθ/
- • MONTH /mʌnθ/
- • MONTHS /mʌnθs/
- • MOTH /mɑːθ/
- • MOUTH /maʊθ/
- • NORTH /nɔːrθ/
- • NOTHING /ˈnʌθɪŋ/
- • OATH /oʊθ/
- • PANTHER /ˈpænθər/
- • PARENTHESIS /pəˈrɛnθəsɪs/
- • PATH /pæθ/
- • PATHWAY /ˈpæθweɪ/
- • PLYMOUTH /ˈplɪməθ/
- • PYTHON /ˈpaɪθɑːn/
- • SIXTH /sɪksθ/
- • SOMETHING /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/
- • SOUTH /saʊθ/
- • STRENGTH /strɛŋkθ/
- • TEETH /tiːθ/
- • TENTH /tɛnθ/
- • THANK YOU /θæŋk juː/
- • THANKFUL /ˈθæŋkfəl/
- • THANKFULNESS /ˈθæŋkfnəs/
- • THANKS /θæŋks/
- • THANKSGIVING /ˌθæŋksˈɡɪvɪŋ/
- • [to] THAW /θɔː/
- • THEATER /ˈθiətər/
- • THEFT /θɛft/
- • THERMOMETER /θərˈmɑːmɪtər/
- • THERMOS /ˈθɜːrməs/
- • THETA /ˈθeɪtə/
- • THICK /θɪk/
- • THIEF /θiːf/
- • THIEVES /θiːvz/
- • THIGH /θaɪ/
- • THIN /θɪn/
- • THING /θɪŋ/
- • [to] THINK /θɪŋk/
- • THIRD /θɜːrd/
- • THIRST /θɜːrst/
- • THIRSTY /ˈθɜːrsti/
- • THIRTEEN /θɜːrˈtiːn/
- • THIRTEENTH /ˌθɜːrˈtiːnθ/
- • THONGS /θɔːŋz/
- • THORN /θɔːrn/
- • THOUGHT /ˈθɔːt/
- • THOUGHTFUL /ˈθɔːtfəl/
- • THOUSAND /ˈθaʊzənd/
- • THREAD /θrɛd/
- • THREE /θriː/
- • THREW /θruː/
- • THRICE /θraɪs/
- • THROAT /θroʊt/
- • THROUGH /θruː/
- • THROUGHOUT /θruːˈaʊt/
- • [to] THROW /θroʊ/
- • THROWN /θroʊn/
- • THRU /θruː/
- • THUMB /θʌm/
- • THUNDER /ˈθʌndər/
- • THURSDAY /ˈθɜːrzdeɪ/
- • TOOTH /tuːθ/
- • TOOTHACHE /ˈtuːθeɪk/
- • TOOTHBRUSH /ˈtuːθbrʌʃ/
- • TOOTHPASTE /ˈtuːθpeɪst/
- • TOOTHPICK /ˈtuːθpɪk/
- • TRUTH /truːθ/
- • TRUTHFUL /ˈtruːθfəl/
- • UNDERNEATH /ˌʌndərˈniːθ/
- • WEALTH /wɛlθ/
- • WEALTHY /ˈwɛlθi/
- • WITH /wɪθ/
- • WORTH /wɜːrθ/
- • YOUTH /juːθ/
- • ZENITH /ˈziːnɪθ/
Unvoiced SH /ʃ/
- • [to] BRUSH /brʌʃ/
- • BRUSH /brʌʃ/
- • BUSH /bʊʃ/
- • CLASH /klæʃ/
- • [to] CLASH /klæʃ/
- • CLASH /klæʃ/
- • DICTIONARY /ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛri/
- • EXTINGUISHER /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃər/
- • -ISH /ɪʃ/
- • [to] MASH /mæʃ/
- • SHADE /ʃeɪd/
- • SHADOW /ˈʃædoʊ/
- • [to] SHAKE /ʃeɪk/
- • SHALL /ʃæl/
- • SHAME /ʃeɪm/
- • SHAMPOO /ʃæmˈpuː/
- • [to] SHARE /ʃɛr/
- • SHARK /ʃɑːrk/
- • SHARP /ʃɑːrp/
- • [to] SHAVE /ʃeɪv/
- • SHE /ʃiː/
- • [to] SHED /ʃɛd/
- • SHED /ʃɛd/
- • SHEEP /ʃiːp/
- • SHEET /ʃiːt/
- • SHERRY /ˈʃɛri/
- • SHILLING /ˈʃɪlɪŋ/
- • [to] SHIP /ʃɪp/
- • SHIP /ʃɪp/
- • SHIRT /ʃɜːrt/
- • [to] SHIVER /ˈʃɪvər/
- • SHIT /ʃɪt/
- • SHOES /ʃuːz/
- • SHOP /ʃɑːp/
- • SHORT /ʃɔːrt/
- • SHOT /ʃɑːt/
- • SHOULD /ʃʊd/
- • [to] SHOUT /ʃaʊt/
- • SHOVEL /ˈʃʌvəl/
- • [to] SHOW /ʃoʊ/
- • SHOW /ʃoʊ/
- • SHOWER /ˈʃaʊər/
- • SHRANK /ʃræŋk/
- • SHRIMP /ʃrɪmp/
- • [to] SHRINK /ʃrɪŋk/
- • SHRUNK /ʃrʌŋk/
- • SHY /ʃaɪ/
- • SMASHED /smæʃt/
- • [to] SPLASH /splæʃ/
- • SUNSHINE /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/
- • TRASH /træʃ/
- • [to] WASH /wɑːʃ/
- • WASHED /wɑːʃt/
- • WASHING /ˈwɑːʃɪŋ/
- • WASHINGTON /ˈwɑʃɪŋtən/
EXCEPTIONS:
- • CHARADE /ʃəˈreɪd/
- • CHAUVINISTIC /ˌʃoʊvəˈnɪstɪk/
- • CHEF /ʃɛf/
- • LEISURE /ˈliːʒər/
- • MACHINE /məˈʃiːn/
- • NATION /ˈneɪʃən/
- • NATIONALITY /ˌnæʃəˈnælɪti/
- • SITUATION /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/
- • SUGAR /ˈʃʊɡər/
- • SURE /ʃʊr/
Voiced G /dʒ/
- • FOLIAGE /ˈfoʊliɪdʒ/
- • LARGE /lɑːrdʒ/
- • MESSAGE /ˈmɛsɪdʒ/
- • ORANGE /ˈɔːrɪndʒ/
- • SNOWLIAGE /ˈsnoʊliɪdʒ/
EXCEPTIONS:
- • [to] JINX /dʒɪŋks/
- • JINX /dʒɪŋks/
- • SCHEDULE /ˈskedʒuːl/
Silent A
- • ARTISTICALLY /ɑːrˈtɪstɪkli/
- • CRITICALLY /ˈkrɪtɪkli/
- • LOGICALLY /ˈlɑːdʒɪkli/
- • MUSICALLY /ˈmjuːzɪkli/
- • PHYSICALLY /ˈfɪzɪkli/
Silent B
- • BOMB /bɑːm/
- • [to] CLIMB /klaɪm/
- • [to] COMB /koʊm/
- • COMB /koʊm/
- • CRUMB /krʌm/
- • CUCUMBER /ˈkjuːkʌmbər/
- • [to] DOUBT /daʊt/
- • DOUBT /daʊt/
- • DUMB /dʌm/
- • LAMB /læm/
- • LIMB /lɪm/
- • NUMB /nʌm/
- • PLUMBER /ˈplʌmər/
- • SUBTLE /ˈsʌtl/
- • [to] SUCCUMB /səˈkʌm/
- • THUMB /θʌm/
Silent C
- • CONSCIENCE /ˈkɑnʃəns/
- • CONSCIOUS /ˈkɑnʃəs/
- • CRESCENT /ˈkrɛsənt/
- • DESCEND /dɪˈsɛnd/
- • DESCENT /dɪˈsɛnt/
- • DISCIPLE /dɪˈsaɪpəl/
- • [to] EVANESCE /ˌɛvəˈnɛs/
- • FLUORESCENT /ˌflʊəˈrɛsənt/
- • MUSCLE /ˈmʌsəl/
Silent D
- • BADGE /bædʒ/
- • EDGE /ɛdʒ/
- • HANDSOME /ˈhændsəm/
- • HEDGE /hɛdʒ/
- • KNOWLEDGE /ˈnɑːlɪdʒ/
- • SANDWICH /ˈsænwɪtʃ, ˈsændwɪtʃ/
- • WEDGE /wɛdʒ/
- • WEDNESDAY /ˈwɛnzdeɪ/
Silent E
- • AGE /eɪdʒ/
- • [to] BREATHE /briːð/
- • BRIDGE /brɪdʒ/
- • CAKE /keɪk/
- • [to] CHANGE /ʧeɪndʒ/
- • CHANGE /ʧeɪndʒ/
- • CLOTHES /kloʊðz/
- • FACE /feɪs/ - rosto
- • FIVE /faɪv/
- • GENE /dʒin/
- • [to] HATE /heɪt/
- • [to] HAVE /hæv/
Silent G
- • [to] ALIGN /əˈlaɪn/
- • [to] ASSIGN /əˈsaɪn/
- • CAMPAIGN /kæmˈpeɪn/
- • CHAMPAGNE /ʃæmˈpeɪn/
- • COLOGNE /kəˈloʊn/
- • [to] DESIGN /dɪˈzaɪn/
- • DESIGN /dɪˈzaɪn/
- • DIPHTHONG /ˈdɪfθɔŋ/
- • FOREIGNER /ˈfɔrənər/
- • GNOME /noʊm/
- • -ING /ɪn/
- • [to] RESIGN /rɪˈzaɪn/
- • [to] SIGN /saɪn/
- • SIGN /saɪn/
Silent GH
- • DAUGHTER /ˈdɔːtər/
- • DROUGHT /draʊt/
- • EIGHT /eɪt/
- • EIGHTEEN /ˌeɪˈtiːn/
- • THOUGHT /θɔːt/
- • THOUGHTFUL /ˈθɔːtfəl/
- • THROUGHOUT /θruːˈaʊt/
- • THOUGH /ðoʊ/
Silent H
- • [to] HANG /hæŋ/
- • [to] HAVE /hæv/
- • HAS /hæz/
- • HAT /hæt/
- • HE /hiː/
- • HEART /hɑːrt/
- • HEATER /ˈhiːtər/
- • HELL /hɛl/
- • HELLO /həˈloʊ/
- • HEN /hɛn/
- • HER /hɜːr/
- • HERS /hɜːrz/
- • HERSELF /hɜːrˈsɛlf/
- • HEY /heɪ/
- • HI /haɪ/
- • [to] HIKE /haɪk/
- • HIKE /haɪk/
- • HILL /hɪl/
- • HIM /hɪm/
- • HIMSELF /hɪmˈsɛlf/
- • HISTORY /ˈhɪstəri/
- • [to] HIT /hɪt/
- • HOLE /hoʊl/
- • HOME /hoʊm/
- • HOOK /hʊk/
- • [to] HOPE /hoʊp/
- • HOPE /hoʊp/
- • HORIZON /həˈraɪzən/
- • HOSE /hoʊz/
- • HOST /hoʊst/
- • HOT /hɑːt/
- • HOUSE /haʊs/
- • HUG /hʌɡ/
- • [to] HUM /hʌm/
- • HUM /hʌm/
- • HUNG /hʌŋ/
- • HUNT /hʌnt/
- • HURRY /ˈhɜːri/
- • HUSH /hʌʃ/
Silent H
- • GHOST /ɡoʊst/
- • HONEST /ˈɑnɪst/
- • HONESTY /ˈɑnəsti/
- • HOUR /ˈaʊər/
- • MECHANIC /məˈkænɪk/
- • RHYME /raɪm/
- • RHYTHM /ˈrɪðəm/
- • RHODE ISLAND /roʊd ˈaɪlənd/
- • SCHEME /skiːm/
- • SCHOOL /skuːl/
- • VEHICLE /ˈviːɪkəl/
- • WHALE /weɪl/
- • WHAT /wʌt/
- • WHEAT /wiːt/
- • WHEEL /wiːl/
- • WHEN /wɛn/
- • WHERE /wɛr/
- • WHETHER /ˈwɛðər/
- • WHILE /waɪl/
- • [to] WHISPER /ˈwɪspər/
- • WHISTLE /ˈwɪsəl/
- • WHITE /waɪt/
- • WHY /waɪ/
Silent K
- • KNACK /næk/
- • KNEE /niː/
- • KNEW /nuː/
- • KNICKERS /ˈnɪkərz/
- • KNIFE /naɪf/
- • KNIGHT /naɪt/
- • [to] KNIT /nɪt/
- • KNITTING /ˈnɪtɪŋ/
- • KNOB /nɑːb/
- • KNOCK /nɑːk/
- • KNORR /nɔːr/)
- • [to] KNOW /noʊ/
- • KNOWLEDGE /ˈnɑːlɪdʒ/
- • KNOWN /noʊn/
- • KNUCKLE /ˈnʌkəl/
Silent L
- • CALM /kɑːm/
- • COULD /kʊd/
- • HALF /hæf/
- • SALMON /ˈsæmən/
- • SHOULD /ʃʊd/
- • [to] STALK /stɔːk/
- • STALK /stɔːk/
- • STALKED /stɔːkt/
- • STALKING /ˈstɔːkɪŋ/
- • [to] TALK /tɔːk/
- • TALKED /tɔːkt/
- • TALKING /ˈtɔːkɪŋ/
- • [to] WALK /wɔːk/
- • WALKED /wɔːkt/
- • WALKING /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/
- • WOULD /wʊd/
- • YOLK /joʊk/
Voiced TH /ð/
- • ALTHOUGH /ɔːlˈðoʊ/
- • ANOTHER /əˈnʌðər/
- • BATHE /beɪð/
- • BATHING /ˈbeɪðɪŋ/
- • [to] BREATHE /briːð/
- • BREATHING /ˈbriːðɪŋ/
- • BROTHER /ˈbrʌðər/
- • BROTHERHOOD /ˈbrʌðərˌhʊd/
- • BROTHER-IN-LAW /ˈbrʌðər ɪn lɔː/
- • CLOTHES /kloʊðz, kloʊz/
- • CLOTHING /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/
- • EITHER /ˈiːðər, ˈaɪðər/
- • FATHER /ˈfɑːðər/
- • FATHER-IN-LAW /ˈfɑːðər ɪn lɔː/
- • FARTHER /ˈfɑːrðər/
- • FARTHEST /ˈfɑːrðɪst/
- • FEATHER /ˈfɛðər/
- • FURTHER /ˈfɜːrðər/
- • FURTHEST /ˈfɜːrðɪst/
- • [to] GATHER /ˈɡæðər/
- • GRANDFATHER /ˈɡrænˌfɑːðər/
- • GRANDMOTHER /ˈɡrænˌmʌðər/
- • LEATHER /ˈlɛðər/
- • MOTHER /ˈmʌðər/
- • MOTHER-IN-LAW /ˈmʌðər ɪn lɔː/
- • NEITHER /ˈniːðər, ˈnaɪðər/
- • OTHER /ˈʌðər/
- • RATHER /ˈræðər/
- • RHYTHM /ˈrɪðəm/
- • SMOOTH /smuːð/ - liso
- • SMOOTHIE /ˈsmuːði/
- • [to] SUNBATHE /ˈsʌnˌbeɪð/
- • SUNBATHING /ˈsʌnˌbeɪðɪŋ/
- • THAT /ðæt/
- • THAN /ðæn/
- • THE /ðə, ðiː/
- • THEIR /ðɛr/
- • THEIRS /ðɛrz/
- • THEM /ðɛm/
- • THEMSELVES /ðɛmˈsɛlvz/
- • THEN /ðɛn/
- • THERE /ðɛr/
- • THEREFORE /ˈðɛrˌfɔːr/
- • THESE /ðiːz/
- • THEY /ðeɪ/
- • THEY'D /ðeɪd/
- • THEY'LL /ðeɪl/
- • THEY'RE /ðɛr/
- • THEY'VE /ðeɪv/
- • THIS /ðɪs/
- • THOSE /ðoʊz/
- • THOU /ðaʊ/
- • THOUGH /ðoʊ/
- • TRUSTWORTHY /ˈtrʌstwɜːrði/
- • WEATHER /ˈwɛðər/
- • WHETHER /ˈwɛðər/
- • WITHOUT /wɪˈðaʊt/
- • WORTHY /ˈwɜːrði/
Unvoiced CH /ʧ/
- • [to] ACHIEVE /əˈtʃiːv/
- • [to] APPROACH /əˈproʊtʃ/
- • APPROACH /əˈproʊtʃ/
- • ARCHER /ˈɑːrtʃər/
- • ARCHERY /ˈɑːrtʃəri/
- • [to] ATTACH /əˈtætʃ/
- • BATCH /bætʃ/
- • BEACH /biːʧ/
- • BENCH /bɛnʧ/
- • BITCH /bɪʧ/
- • BRANCH /brænʧ/
- • BUTCHER /ˈbʊʧər/
- • [to] CATCH /kæʧ/
- • CHAIN /ʧeɪn/
- • CHAIR /ʧɛr/
- • CHALK /ʧɔːk/
- • CHALLENGE /ˈʧælɪndʒ/
- • CHAMPION /ˈʧæmpiən/
- • CHANCE /ʧæns/
- • CHANNEL /ˈʧænəl/
- • [to] CHANT /ʧænt/
- • CHANT /ʧænt/
- • CHAPTER /ˈʧæptər/
- • CHARCOAL /ˈʧɑːrkoʊl/
- • CHARGE /ʧɑːrdʒ/
- • CHARITY /ˈʧærəti/
- • CHARM /ʧɑːrm/
- • CHARMING /ˈʧɑːrmɪŋ/
- • CHART /ʧɑːrt/
- • [to] CHASE /ʧeɪs/
- • CHASED /ʧeɪst/
- • [to] CHAT /ʧæt/
- • CHEAP /ʧiːp/
- • [to] CHEAT /ʧiːt/
- • CHECK /ʧɛk/
- • CHEDDAR /ˈʧɛdər/
- • [to] CHEER /ʧɪr/
- • CHEER /ʧɪr/
- • CHEERLEADERS /ˈʧɪrlidərz/
- • CHEERS /ʧɪrz/
- • CHEESE /ʧiːz/
- • CHERRY /ˈʧɛri/
- • CHESS /ʧɛs/
- • CHEST /ʧɛst/
- • [to] CHEW /ʧuː/
- • CHICK /ʧɪk/
- • CHICKEN /ˈʧɪkən/
- • CHIEF /ʧiːf/
- • CHILD /ʧaɪld/
- • [to] CHILL /ʧɪl/
- • CHILL /ʧɪl/
- • CHIN /ʧɪn/
- • CHINA /ˈʧaɪnə/
- • CHIP /ʧɪp/
- • [to] CHOKE /ʧoʊk/
- • CHOCOLATE /ˈʧɑːklət/
- • CHOICE /ʧɔɪs/
- • [to] CHOOSE /ʧuːz/
- • CHOSEN /ˈʧoʊzən/
- • [to] CHOP /ʧɑːp/
- • CHURCH /ʧɜːrtʃ/
- • COACH /koʊʧ/
- • COUCH /kaʊʧ/
- • [to] DITCH /dɪʧ/
- • DITCH /dɪʧ/
- • DUTCH /dʌʧ/
- • EACH /iːʧ/
- • [to] EXCHANGE /ɪksˈʧeɪndʒ/
- • EXCHANGE /ɪksˈʧeɪndʒ/
- • H /eɪtʃ/
- • [to] HATCH /hæʧ/
- • HATCH /hæʧ/
- • HITCH /hɪʧ/
- • ITCH /ɪʧ/
- • ITCHY /ˈɪʧi/
- • KITCHEN /ˈkɪʧən/
- • [to] LAUNCH /lɔːnʧ/
- • LUNCH /lʌnʧ/
- • [to] MARCH /mɑːrʧ/
- • MARCH /mɑːrʧ/
- • MASSACHUSETTS /ˌmæsəˈʧuːsɪts/
- • MATCH /mæʧ/
- • MUCH /mʌʧ/
- • OUCH /aʊʧ/
- • PATCH /pæʧ/
- • [to] PITCH /pɪʧ/
- • PITCH /pɪʧ/
- • [to] PURCHASE /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/
- • RANCH /ræntʃ/
- • [to] REACH /riːʧ/
- • RESEARCH /ˈriːˌsɜːrtʃ/
- • RICH /rɪʧ/
- • RICHARD /ˈrɪʧərd/
- • SCOTCH /skɑːʧ/
- • [to] SEARCH /sɜːrtʃ/
- • SKETCH /skɛʧ/
- • SLICH /slɪʧ/
- • SPEECH /spiːʧ/
- • [to] STRETCH /strɛʧ/
- • SUCH /sʌʧ/
- • [to] SWITCH /swɪʧ/
- • SWITCH /swɪʧ/
- • [to] TEACH /tiːʧ/
- • TEACHER /ˈtiːʧər/
- • [to] TOUCH /tʌʧ/
- • [to] TWITCH /twɪʧ/
- • TWITCH /twɪʧ/
- • [to] UNHITCH /ˌʌnˈhɪʧ/
- • [to] WATCH /wɑːʧ/
- • WATCH /wɑːʧ/
- • WHICH /wɪʧ/
- • WITCH /wɪʧ/
- • WRETCHED /ˈrɛʧɪd/
EXCEPTIONS:
- • ADVENTURE /ədˈvɛntʃər/
- • CAPPUCCINO /ˌkæpəˈtʃiːnoʊ/
- • CHOIR /kwaɪr/
- • CHORUS /ˈkɔːrəs/
- • CULTURE /ˈkʌlʧər/
- • FEATURE /ˈfiːʧər/
- • FORTUNATE /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/
- • FURNITURE /ˈfɜːrnɪʧər/
- • FUTURE /ˈfjuːʧər/
- • NATURAL /ˈnæʧərəl/
- • NATURE /ˈneɪʧər/
- • PICTURE /ˈpɪkʧər/
- • QUESTION /ˈkwɛsʧən/
- • RIGHTEOUS /ˈraɪʧəs/
- • RITUAL /ˈrɪtʃuəl/
- • SCHEDULE /ˈskedʒʊl/
GH /f/
- [TO] COUGH /kɔːf/
- COUGHED /kɔːft/
- COUGHING /ˈkɔːfɪŋ/
- ENOUGH /ɪˈnʌf/
- [TO] LAUGH /læf/
- LAUGHED /læft/
- LAUGHING /ˈlæfɪŋ/
- TOUGH /tʌf/
Voiced G /ʒ/
- GARAGE /ɡəˈrɑːʒ/
- MASSAGE /məˈsɑːʒ/
EXCEPTION:
- VISION /ˈvɪʒən/
Silent N
- • AUTUMN /ˈɔːtəm/
- • COLUMN /ˈkɑːləm/
- • DAMN /dæm/
- • HYMN /hɪm/
Silent P
- • COUP /kuː/
- • CUPBOARD /ˈkʌbərd/
- • PNEUMONIA /ˌnjuːˈmoʊniə/
- • PSEUDO /ˈsuːdoʊ/
- • PSYCHOTIC /saɪˈkɑːtɪk/
- • PSYCHIATRIST /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/
- • PSYCHIC /ˈsaɪkɪk/
- • PSYCHOTHERAPY /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛrəpi/
- • RASPBERRY /ˈræzˌbɛri/
- • RECEIPT /rɪˈsiːt/
Silent R
- • RANG /ræŋ/
- • RAT /ræt/
- • [to] REMEMBER /rɪˈmɛmbər/
- • RICH /rɪʧ/
- • [to] RING /rɪŋ/
- • [to] RING /rɪŋ/
- • ROOM /ruːm/
- • RUG /rʌɡ/
- • [to] RUN /rʌn/
- • [to] RAN /rʌn/
- • RUNG /ræŋ/
- • RUNNING /ˈrʌnɪŋ/
- • [to] RUSH /rʌʃ/
- • RUSH /rʌʃ/
Silent S
- • AISLE /aɪl/
- • ISLAND /ˈaɪlənd/
Silent T
- • BUTCHER /ˈbʊʧər/
- • CASTLE /ˈkæsəl/
- • CHRISTMAS /ˈkrɪsməs/
- • [to] FASTEN /ˈfæsən/
- • [to] HUSTLE /ˈhʌsəl/
- • HUSTLE /ˈhʌsəl/
- • [to] LISTEN /ˈlɪsən/
- • MATCH /mæʧ/
- • MORTGAGE /ˈmɔːrɡɪdʒ/
- • MUSTN’T /ˈmʌsənt/
- • [to] NESTLE /ˈnɛsəl/
- • NESTLE /ˈnɛsəl/
- • OFTEN /ˈɔːfən/
- • [to] RUSTLE /ˈrʌsəl/
- • [to] SOFTEN /ˈsɔːfən/
- • [to] WATCH /wɑːʧ/
- • WATCH /wɑːʧ/
- • [to] WHISTLE /ˈwɪsəl/
- • WITCH /wɪʧ/
- • WRESTLING /ˈrɛslɪŋ/
Silent U
- • BISCUIT /ˈbɪskɪt/
- • BUILDING /ˈbɪldɪŋ/
- • GUARD /ɡɑːrd/
- • [to] GUESS /ɡɛs/
- • GUESS /ɡɛs/
- • GUEST /ɡɛst/
- • GUILTY /ˈɡɪlti/
- • GUITAR /ɡɪˈtɑːr/
- • ROGUE /roʊɡ/
- • TONGUE /tʌŋ/
- • VOGUE /voʊɡ/
Silent W
- • [to] ANSWER /ˈænsər/
- • ANSWER /ˈænsər/
- • SWORD /sɔːrd/
- • TWO /tuː/
- • WRESTLING /ˈrɛslɪŋ/
- • WHOLE /hoʊl/
- • [to] WRAP /ræp/
- • [to] WRECK /rɛk/
- • WRECK /rɛk/
- • WREN /rɛn/
- • [to] WRESTLE /ˈrɛsəl/
- • [to] WRIGGLE /ˈrɪɡəl/
- • WRINKLE /ˈrɪŋkəl/
- • WRIST /rɪst/
- • WRITING /ˈraɪtɪŋ/
- • WRITTEN /ˈrɪtn/
- • WRONG /rɔːŋ/
- • WROTE /roʊt/
X /gz/ • /ks/ • /z/
When the "x" is followed by a consonant, it is usually pronounced as /gz/.
EXCEPTIONS (pronounced /ɛks/):
SILENT “h” TREATED AS VOWEL SOUND (/ɪɡˈz/ or /ɛks/):
NOT SILENT “h” (keep /eks/):
- • [to] EXACERBATE /ɪɡˈzæsərbeɪt/
- • EXACT /ɪɡˈzækt/
- • EXACTLY /ɪɡˈzæktli/
- • [to] EXAGGERATE /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt/
- • EXAGGERATED /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtɪd/
- • [to] EXALT /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/
- • EXAM /ɪɡˈzæm/
- • EXAMINATION /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/
- • [to] EXAMINE /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/
- • EXAMPLE /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/
- • EXASPERATED /ɪɡˈzæspəreɪtɪd/
- • EXECUTIVE /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv/
- • EXEMPT /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/
- • [to] EXIST /ɪɡˈzɪst/
- • [to] EXONERATE /ɪɡˈzɑːnəreɪt/
- • EXORBITANT /ɪɡˈzɔːrbətənt/
- • EXOTIC /ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk/
- • EXUBERANT /ɪɡˈzuːbərənt/
- • [to] EXUDE /ɪɡˈzuːd/
EXCEPTIONS (pronounced /ɛks/):
- • EXERCISE /ˈɛksərsaɪz/
- • EXECUTION /ˌɛksəˈkjuːʃən/
- • EXIT /ˈɛksɪt/
- • [to] REEXIT /riˈɛksɪt/
SILENT “h” TREATED AS VOWEL SOUND (/ɪɡˈz/ or /ɛks/):
- • EXHAUSTED /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/
- • EXHIBIT /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/
- • [to] EXHUME /ɪɡˈzuːm, ɪkˈsjuːm/
- • [to] EXHORT /ɪɡˈzɔːrt/
NOT SILENT “h” (keep /eks/):
- • [to] EXHALE /ɛksˈheɪl/
When the letter "x" is followed by a consonant sound, it is pronounced like /ks/.
Remember: "x" is a consonant cluster, which means you must pronounce two consonants. It will be either /ks/ or /gz/.
- • EXHIBITION /ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən/
- • CONTEXT /ˈkɑːnˌtɛkst/
- • EXTRA /ˈɛkstrə/
- • EXCELLENT /ˈɛksələnt/
- • EXTRACT /ˈɛkstrækt/
- • EXCESS /ˈɛksɛs/
- • EXCLAMATION /ˌɛkskləˈmeɪʃən/
- • [to] EXCAVATE /ˈɛkskəˌveɪt/
- • [to] EXHALE /ɛksˈheɪl/
- • EXPERT /ˈɛkspɜːrt/
- • EXPERTISE /ˌɛkspɜːrˈtiz/
- • EXTROVERT /ˈɛkstrəvɜːrt/
- • MEXICO /ˈmɛksɪko/
- • NEXT /nɛkst/
- • XBOX /ˈɛksˌbɑːks/
- • X-RAY /ˈɛksˌreɪ/
- • EXTREME /ɪkˈstrim/
- • [to] EXTINGUISH /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃ/
- • EXTINGUISHER /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃər/
- • [to] EXPECT /ɪkˈspɛkt/
- • EXCEPTION /ɪkˈsɛpʃən/
- • [to] EXPECT /ɪkˈspɛkt/
- • EXCITED /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/
- • EXPERIMENT /ɪkˈspɛrəmənt/
- • EXPERIENCE /ɪkˈspɪriəns/
- • [to] EXTERMINATE /ɪkˈstɜːrmɪˌneɪt/
- • EXCEPTION /ɪkˈsɛpʃən/
- • [to] EXCEED /ɪkˈsid/
- • [to] EXCEL /ɪkˈsɛl/
- • [to] EXCHANGE /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/
- • EXCHANGE /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/
- • [to] EXCLUDE /ɪkˈskluːd/
- • EXCURSION /ɪkˈskɜːrʒən/
- • EXCUSE /ɪkˈskjuːs/
- • EXPECTORANT /ɪkˈspɛktərənt/
- • EXPENSE /ɪkˈspɛns/
- • [to] EXPEL /ɪkˈspɛl/
- • EXTREME /ɪkˈstrim/
- • [to] EXPIRE /ɪkˈspaɪər/
- • [to] EXPLAIN /ɪkˈspleɪn/
- • [to] EXPLODE /ɪkˈsploʊd/
- • [to] EXPLORE /ɪkˈsplɔːr/
- • [to] EXPRESS /ɪkˈsprɛs/
- • [to] EXPUNGE /ɪkˈspʌndʒ/
- • [to] JINX /dʒɪŋks/
- • JINX /dʒɪŋks/
- • SIXTH /sɪksθ/
Remember: "x" is a consonant cluster, which means you must pronounce two consonants. It will be either /ks/ or /gz/.
- • XANTHAN /ˈzænθən/
- • XAVIER /ˈzeɪviər/
- • XENOLITH /ˈzɛnəˌlɪθ/
- • XEROGRAPHY /ˌzɛrəˈɡræfi/
- • XEROX /ˈzɪˌrɑks/
- • XYLOPHONE /ˈzaɪləfoʊn/
